Imagine breathtaking diverse landscapes, a land steeped in nomadic traditions, rare wildlife, the allure of traveling like the legends across rolling hills – would your wandering mind want to miss the odyssey? This land that many had hitherto thought of as remote, whose imagery evokes the thought of vast, barren landscapes is also one that offers a unique blend of traditions and modern influences, whose vast steppes and rugged mountains is a timeless allure, and a nation that offers unmatched hospitality – Mongolia has slowly captured the imagination of every traveler.
You get to experience nomadic life in traditional ‘gers’, explore ancient Buddhist monasteries, take horseback rides over stunning landscapes, and even encounter rare wildlife in protected reserves. Mongolia offers travelers a chance to step back in time and create unforgettable stories of touring what is often referred to as Asia's last frontier.
As I delve into the wonder that is Mongolia in a series of posts, the first one in the series is a journey into the country’s historical timeline and explores places that would help you experience the land of history and adventure, and stories of resilience, exploration, and discovery.
The Legends and the Conquests
Mongolia's history can be traced back to ancient times when it was inhabited by various nomadic tribes. The region's geography, marked by vast steppes and harsh climate, shaped the nomadic lifestyle of its people.
The 12th century marked a significant turning point in Mongolian history with the rise of Genghis Khan. His military conquests extended the empire from Asia to Europe, making it one of the largest empires in history. After Genghis Khan's death, his empire fragmented into various Khanates. His grandson, Kublai Khan, established the Yuan Dynasty in China, marking a period of Mongol rule over China.
In the 17th century, Mongolia came under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and Outer Mongolia became an autonomous region within the Qing Empire. This period saw the spread of Tibetan Buddhism, which has had a profound influence on Mongolian culture and society.
The 20th century brought significant changes to Mongolia. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia declared its independence in 1911, only to be later occupied by Chinese and Soviet forces. In 1924, Mongolia became the Mongolian People's Republic under Soviet influence, which lasted until the early 1990s. Mongolia underwent a democratic revolution in 1990, leading to the establishment of a multi-party system and a market economy. Since then, Mongolia has made efforts to preserve its cultural heritage while embracing modernity.
Legendary Kingdoms and Breathtaking Destinations
Karakhorum - The Heart of the Great Mongol Empire:
Our journey begins in Karakhorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire. Founded by Genghis Khan in the 13th century, Karakhorum served as the political and cultural center of one of the largest empires in history. Explore the ruins of this once-thriving city, where the Great Khan held court and forged alliances that shaped the course of world history. Visit the Erdene Zuu Monastery, Mongolia's oldest Buddhist monastery, and immerse yourself in the spiritual legacy of the Great Mongol Empire.
Kharkhorin - Gateway to the Orkhon Valley:
From Karakhorum, venture into the picturesque Orkhon Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage site and cradle of nomadic civilization. Here, amidst rolling grasslands and winding rivers, you'll discover ancient stone monuments, known as deer stones, that date back to the Bronze Age. Trace the footsteps of nomadic tribes and unravel the mysteries of their customs and rituals as you traverse this timeless landscape.
Gobi Desert - Land of Eternal Sands:
No journey to Mongolia is complete without a visit to the legendary Gobi Desert, a land of towering sand dunes, rugged mountains, and hidden oases. As you traverse this vast wilderness, imagine the ancient kingdoms and nomadic tribes that once called the Gobi home. Explore the flaming cliffs of Bayanzag, where dinosaur fossils have been unearthed, and marvel at the beauty of the Khongoryn Els sand dunes, known as the "Singing Sands" for their melodic whispers in the wind.
Hovd - Gateway to the Altai Mountains:
Our final destination takes us to Hovd, a bustling city nestled at the foot of the majestic Altai Mountains. Here, amidst snow-capped peaks and alpine meadows, you'll discover a land of breathtaking beauty and cultural diversity. Explore the ancient petroglyphs of Tsagaan Salaa, carved into the rocks by ancient civilizations, and hike to the pristine shores of Lake Khar-Us, a haven for migratory birds and wildlife.
Traveling to Mongolia